Climate, Weather & Environmental Data

NOAA CoastWatch: Great Lakes data portal for satellite lake temperature and ice info.
NASA AIRS: Atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles from the AIRS sensor. 
NASA AURA: Atmospheric chemistry data like ozone and aerosols from AURA mission. 
NASA CALIPSO: Cloud and aerosol vertical profile data using lidar technology. 
VIIRS Night Lights: NOAA archive for monthly VIIRS global night light composites. 
NASA SMAP: Soil moisture and freeze-thaw data for hydrology and agriculture. 
EPA Climate Indicators: EPA site with charts, data, and trends for U.S. climate change. 
NOAA NCEI CDO: Access historical and real-time U.S. climate data records.
WorldClim: Global climate data for ecological modeling and GIS.